The uSAP model: A ubiquitous observation protocol for improving teamwork skills, time management and accuracy in high fidelity simulation among nursing students

High Fidelity Simulation (HFS) is a computerised manikin used by preclinical nursing students. This study develops a ubiquitous observation model, called uSAP, which concerns specific tasks of an observed role (S), full attention to a particular practice (A) and nursing procedures (P), all of which can be done ubiquitously (U). The effectiveness of this model is assessed among 98 nursing students who are divided into three groups: Those using the uSAP model, those doing observation without a guideline and those without observation. Three aspects of performance are compared: Teamwork ability, speed in completing HFS tasks and accuracy in administering nursing tasks related to five vital signs. Statistical analysis reveals that those using the uSAP model outperform their counterparts in all aspects. The interview results illustrate that the uSAP model helps nursing students learn from peers mistakes, structure their ideas orderly, stay more focused and apprehend detailed actions effectively.