Invasive Mold Infections in FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background: The incidence and risk factors for invasive mold infections (IMI) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients carrying FLT3 mutations have not been addressed. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort included FLT3-mutated AML patients (2008-2018). Primary outcome was IMI incidence within 6 months after first induction or salvage therapy. Results: We included 108 patients receiving fluconazole or micafungin prophylaxis. IMI incidence after induction and salvage therapy was 4.8% and 14.8%, respectively, and did not differ between patients receiving 3+7 regimen or 3+7 plus midostaurin (4.3% vs 4.5%). In a bivariate analysis, age (odds ratio, 1.11; P =.027) and FLT3 ITD mutation (odds ratio, 0.05; P =.023) were independently associated with IMI after induction chemotherapy. Gilteritinib was more frequently prescribed in patients with relapsed/refractory disease who developed IMI (50% vs 27.3%, P =.563). Conclusion: FLT3 ITD mutation may be a preventive factor for IMI. Neither midostaurin nor salvage gilteritinib significantly increased the risk of IMI in this population.