Factors Influencing Substance Use in Chiang Rai, Thailand

This study was designed as a pilot project and stratified sampling that divided the target population into legal and illegal substance use. The objective is to identify factors contributing to substance use and potential harm reduction strategies. Results showed that factors that influence substance use were individual, socioeconomic status, social inequality and vulnerability, and accessibility and availability of substances. 89% of the sample size reported that they perceived accessibility of drugs relatively easy. 25% of respondents use four types of substances daily. Addressing drug prevalence in Chiang Rai requires a holistic and inclusive approach that acknowledges the region’s unique challenges. Integrating evidence-based harm reduction strategies, community engagement, and policy reforms creates a comprehensive framework that promotes the health and well-being of indigenous individuals. Evidence-based research is needed to gain a broader understanding of the efficacy of harm reduction programs, explore how decriminalization impacts the legal system and incarceration rates, as well as examine whether societal attitude changes lead to decreased stigma against drug users.