Dual-route administration of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) for the treatment of spinal cord injury in a dog: a case report

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often lead to permanent neurological deficits and decreased quality of life for animals. While using traditional surgical and medical treatment is standard, using regenerative medicine, especially the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), is the therapeutic alternative. This case report illustrates a novel dual route of adipose derived-MSCs (Ad-MSCs) treatment approach to therapeutic outcome. A 5-year-old male French bulldog presented with sensory and motor incomplete signs, resulting in an inability to regulate both hindlimbs, urinary and defecation systems due to an injury to the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. Allogeneic Ad-MSCs, characterized according to established MSC criteria, were administered via a peripheral nerve route at a dose of 5x10⁶ cells per each side for nerves and an intravenous route at a dose of 3x10⁷ cells on day 133 after injury. An improvement in the paresis grade was observed after dual administration of Ad-MSCs. Within 4 weeks, the dog regained voluntary motor function, deep and superficial pain sensation, and the ability to stand up for defecation. No complications were observed during the follow-up period. This case suggests that the dual administration of Ad-MSCs is a safe and potentially effective treatment for spinal cord injuries in dogs.