Diabetes diagnosis by direct measurement from urine odor using electronic nose

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and can occur at any age. To avoid many side effects of diabetes on health, early detection of diabetes is very necessary. In this paper, we propose an alternative method to detect diabetes based on direct measurement of urine odor by using an electronic nose (E-nose). Artificial urines, used to simulated a situation of diabetes patient, were produced by adding glucose into the pure urine samples. Eight commercial chemical gas sensors were used as the sensing elements of our e-nose. Principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) methods were employed for data analysis. The PCA and CA results show that the proposed technique was able to identify the glucose concentration in urine. In the future, e-nose can be a potential tool for diabetes diagnosis by healthcare personnel as well as home users.