Development and evaluation of an integrated image-guided robotic system for hair transplant surgery

This study presented the development and evaluation of an integrated image-guided robotic system for hair transplant surgery. A novel surgical robot was designed, incorporating an image-guided system, a dual-function needle mechanism, and a comprehensive robotic system capable of performing both follicle harvesting and implantation in a unified setup. The robot comprised three main subsystems: the image-guidance system, the dual-function needle, and the robotic hardware. Each subsystem was meticulously developed and individually described, detailing the specific processes and mechanisms involved. Experimentation involved a silicone phantom embedded with filaments to mimic real human hair density, providing a realistic simulation for testing. The image-guided system demonstrated high precision in detecting the positions of hair follicles, achieving an accuracy rate of 89 %. Meanwhile, the dual-function needle proved effective in executing both the harvesting and implanting functions, achieving harvest and implant success rates of 83.3 % and 53.3 %, respectively. It was important to note, however, that the suction system integrated into the needle mechanism did not function as intended. Further simulations conducted on the robotic system affirmed its suitability for a wide range of head sizes, specifically those with a breadth diameter between 113 and 179 mm, effectively encompassing most of the Asian demographic. This integration of advanced robotics and image-guidance aimed to enhance the efficacy and precision of hair transplant procedures.