Crevicular Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific immunoglobulin A levels in healthy and periodontitis-affected Thai cohorts

UNLABELLED: Abstract Aim:  Immunoglobulin A is a key humoral immune component involved in defense mechanisms against infections. Periodontitis, the chronic inflammatory disease causing periodontal destruction, adversely affects adults worldwide, including Thailand. As the development of periodontitis is partly mediated by immune components, levels of total and Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific immunoglobulin A in gingival crevicular fluid of Thai cohorts were studied.

METHODS:   Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 24 patients with severe generalized chronic periodontitis and 22 healthy controls. The amount and concentration of total and Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific immunoglobulin A in each gingival crevicular fluid sample were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS:   The control group contained the highest concentrations of both types of gingival crevicular fluid-immunoglobulin A, but the lowest levels of these antibodies were found in the deep sites of the periodontitis group. Moreover, the concentrations of gingival crevicular fluid-immunoglobulin A and the degree of periodontitis severity appeared to have an inverse relationship. There was no significant difference in the amounts of gingival crevicular fluid-immunoglobulin A in the control and periodontitis groups.

CONCLUSIONS:   This study supports the hypothesis that high concentrations of specific gingival crevicular fluid-immunoglobulin A antibodies directed against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a potent periodontic microorganism, could retard periodontitis development.