Constructing a Heterogeneous Model for Soft Tissue Deformation Using Two Dimensional Wave Equations^∗

Soft tissue models play a vital role in the success of an inanimate training system, like the Virtual Reality training systems, which are gaining popularity for their potential for use in the medical industry. The accuracy of soft tissue models in such training systems allows for easy transference of skills to an operating room. This study aims to improve a soft tissue model, using two-dimensional wave equation, designed and discussed in a previous study. The model is used to mimic the interactions between soft tissue and a laparoscopic tool whereas in this study the aim is to develop a heterogeneous representation using the mathematical model. In this study, the soft tissue is modeled as a composite material; therefore, the articulation between the different layers is based on the mechanics of this material. A face validation study is performed to observe the accuracy of the new model with respect to another computer based model, finite element model. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the heterogeneous representation of the soft tissue and its mechanics during manipulation.