Bone graft material derived from extracted tooth: A review literature

Dental extraction is common procedure as a treatment for severely damaged, non-restorable, malaligned, crowded or disease affected tooth such as periodontitis, adjacent to pathologic lesion requiring excision, pulp necrosis and periapical lesions for which endodontic treatment is applicable but somehow patient's as well as other factors might necessitate the its removal. Many previous studies observed that following tooth extraction alveolar process undergoes structural and dimensional change even often atrophy, repairing the deficiency remains a major challenge. Several bone grafts are present, used to preserve or augment the defects of alveolar process supporting the tooth, autogenous bone graft is considered gold standard, since they have the property to induce osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction and also have rapid healing and least immune rejection. However, limited availability, rapid resorption of autogenous bone, defects of donor site and morbidity or discomfort from distant extraoral grafts to the patients, in case large bone needed, hinder the use of this kind of bone. Many short comings of several types of available bones lead to demand of novel grafting material over the years. Tooth and bone exhibit similar biochemical composition hence could be utilized as bone grafting material. Osteogenic capacity of tooth derived (mainly dentin) bone graft material has been shown in many studies with significant possibility of future use. Therefore, this article discusses the similarity between bone and tooth, the use of tooth derived bone graft.