Anti-Cancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract from ‘Bao’ Mango (Mangifera indica) Peel and Its Nanoencapsulation Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Mango (Mangifera indica) has been one of the most cultivated fruits in Thailand and other South and Southeast Asian countries. ‘Bao’ mango is a distinct petite mango variety that is available all year round. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-breast cancer activities of Bao-mango peel extract (MPE). The total phenolic content (TPC) of MPE was 280.57 ± 7.95 μg quercetin per g of powder. Based on antioxidant activity analyses, MPE had IC₅₀ values of 35.09 and 23.80 ± 0.48 μg/mL for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, respectively. Additionally, MPE exerted an inhibitory action against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with an IC₅₀ of 39.08 ± 5.22 μg/mL. Furthermore, nanoencapsules loaded with MPE using chitosan-coated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (CS-PLGA-(MPE)) were also prepared. It exhibited spherical morphology with an average size of 251.90 ± 19.61 nm. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) of nanoparticles was 30.48 %. Moreover, the CS-PLGA-(MPE) exhibited higher anticancer activity by affecting cell viability and inhibiting the cell migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, compared to the free MPE. Therefore, these findings indicated that MPE and CS-PLGA-(MPE) nanoparticles could be promising alternatives to chemicals used for breast cancer treatment.