An impulsive mathematical model of bone formation and resorption: effects of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and impulsive estrogen supplement

In this paper, we propose an impulsive mathematical model of bone formation and resorption accounting for the number of active osteoclastic cells, bone resorbing cells, and the number of active osteoblastic cells, bone forming cells, based on the effects of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin with impulsive estrogen supplement. The model is then analyzed theoretically in terms of its stability, permanence and oscillatory behavior. The conditions on the model parameters, for which the desirable behaviors of the solution of the system can be expected, are derived. Numerical simulations are also carried out in order to support our theoretical predictions. The results indicate that the frequency and dosage of the estrogen supplements are important since the behavior of the solution of the system depends on the frequency and dosage of the estrogen supplements.