An adaptive array antenna with no phase calibration for CDMA2000 reverse link

In this paper, we present an inexpensive smart antenna algorithm for a 3^rd generation code division multiple access (CDMA) system, e.g., cdma2000. Our algorithm can track the total input phase including the direction of arrival angle (DOA) from the desired user and fading phase at each antenna element. As a result, the channel estimation is not required. Furthermore, the phase distortion due to the radio frequency (RF) mixer in each antenna element is compensated automatically by our algorithm. Thus, the phase calibration is not necessary in our smart antenna algorithm if only the reverse link demodulation is concerned. The proposed algorithm is obtained by modifying the normalized least mean square (N-LMS) adaptive filter.